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Parliamentary Fiules Made Ea? 

By mrs;emma-lard-longan 

Kansas CHy^ ?<!«>= 




Class 
Book. 



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<:k>pyright, 1916, by Mrs. Emma Laid Longan. 

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^^^ INSTRUCTIONS 

To the Parliamentarian or I^eader. 

Stand while you conduct the lesson. Use a 
blackboard and have colored chalk, red and blue. 
Prepare it beforehand. (See page i8.*) 

Allow questions at any time, upon the lesson ; 
not upon future lessons. 

Insist upon order and one talking at a time. 
Impress upon members that to "call to order," 
or say "out of order," is part of your duty and 
must be taken good-naturedly. Be sure you are 
always absolutely just. 

Do not go before the class unprepared. Tie 
a string around your thumb so you will not forget 
it — a R^D STRING if you please. 

If someone does or says something wrong, 
thank her for it, and show your tact by using it 
to illustrate the right and wrong way. Do not 
call names to answer questions at first. Be gracious 
and very, very patient. Put your lesson on the 
board before the lesson begins. 

The most important point to fix in mind is 
that motions are high and low — ^geometrically 
speaking, their altitude. 

Always impress the reason, that the main 
question is placed at the bottom of the board 
because it is the lowest. 



*A1I pages referred to ia these lessons are pages in 
"Parliamentary Rules Made Easy." 



The highest motion will be at the top of the 
board. 

The reason a motion is put to vote before 
one previously made is because it is higher. 

The question before the house is the last 
motion made. 

If it is not higher than one already pending 
(page 4), it must be ruled out of order. 

Keep the board as for second lesson till you 
are through with all the secondary motions. 

HOW TO USE THE SEVEN THINGS. 

What motion is the lesson upon? Ans. The 
Main Question. 

1. What is its object? (Page 21.) 

2. Does it require a second? Ans. Yes. 
How do you know it does? Ans. All motions 

do, except three. 

This should be thoroughly learned. Every 
time this question is asked, have the three mo- 
tions which do NOT require a second repeated, 
and call them "the blue star motions. " (Page 20.) 

3. Is it debatable? Ans. Yes. 

How do you know it is? Ans. It is a low 
motion. (Page 20.) 

4. Can it be amended? Ans. Yes. A mo- 
tion that is debatable is amendable. (There are 
two exceptions to this rule.*) 

Any motion that can have one amendment 
can have a second amendment pending. 



*To Postpone Indefinitely; To Reconsider. 
2 



5- What motions hold over it? Ans. All, 
since all are above it, or higher. (Page i8.) 

6. What vote is required to carry it? Ans. 
Majority. All motions require a majority except 
those on page 19. 

7. Can it be reconsidered? Ans. Yes. All 
motions can be reconsidered that can be. Four 
can not be. (Page 19.) They are called "the red 
star motions." 

READ THIS TO THE SOCIETY. 

Remember that as much depends upon your 
active interest as upon your leader. These les- 
sons have been systematically arranged by an 
experienced teacher. Every motion known will 
be taken up in this course. There will be one 
lesson on committee work and one on election 
of officers. The lesson proper will be conducted 
informally. The motions will be studied in their 
order of precedence, beginning with the lowest. 
You are asked to give fifteen or twenty minutes' 
study to the lesson assigned for the next meeting. 
Don't be indifferent; let us make things "go 
right" from the start. After the recitation, a 
drill upon the lesson will follow, in order to clinch 
it. This will be formal, using strict Parliamentary 
tactics. You are urged to take part in this, and 
remember that you learn as much from making 
motions that are out of order as in order. Cour- 
age comes by practice. 

3 



FIRST I^BSSON. 

BLACKBOARD FOR FIRST LESSON. 




MOTIONS. 

Seven things should be known of a 
motion: 

First — ^Its object or use. 

Second — ^Does it require a second? 

Third— Is it debatable? 

Fourth— Can it be amended? 

Fifth— What motions hold over it? 

Sixth— What vote is required to carry it? 

Seventh — Can it be reconsidered? 



FIRST I,B8S0N. 

Take up the questions of "General Informa- 
tion." (Pages 10-14.) 

The "Seven Things" and Number and Clas- 
sification of Motions. (Page 17.) 

The Main Question. (Page 21.*) 

Apply the "Seven Things" to it. 

Quiz on Main Question. 

DRILL. 

Require each one to obtain the floor. (Page 
II.) 

Motion: "I move that we buy a carpet for 
this floor." 

Second it. (Do not stand to second a motion.) 
State the motion and call for remarks, which 
should be very brief. 

A member is entitled to the floor after the 
afiirmative vote has been taken and before the 
negative is put. The afiirmative must then be 
taken over. Permit a "Question of Privilege" 
(page 46) during the drill, but not any other 
motion. 

ADVANCE ASSIGNMENT. 
Subsidiary Motions. (Page 22.) 
Postpone Indefinitely. (Page 22.) 
Note;. — I consider page 9 in ''Parliamentary 
Rules Made Easy" one of the most valuable in 
the book; take time to illustrate how it works. 
Let someone select a question and have the class 
find the page that answers it. Do not read the 
page, only find it. 

*For illustration, see page 2 of this book. 



SECOND I/ESSON. 

BLACKBOARD FOR SECOND LESSON. 





mm^ 


1 

2 




3 




4 






SECONDARY MOTIONS. 


1 


To Table or Take from the Table. 


2 


Previous Question. 


3 


To Postpone to a Set Time. 


4 


To Commit or Recommit. 


5 


To Amend. 


6 


To Postpone Indefinitely. 



MAIN QUESTION. 




SBCOND LBSSON. 

QUIZ. 

How many motions are there? Into how 
many classes are they divided? Name the classes. 
(Page 17.) 

Study the subsidiary motions as a whole. (Page 
22.) Learn the table by heart. This table con- 
tains two high motions (undebatable and un- 
amendable), four low motions, and one which 
requires a two-thirds vote. Name them. 

Remember the Main Question is the lowest 
motion and yields to all others. (Page 18.) 

"To Postpone Indefinitely" is the lowest sub- 
sidary motion. It can not be amended; it is 
not in order if the Main Question has an amend- 
ment pending (mind I say pending, and this does 
not mean one that has been carried or lost). The 
Main Question can not be amended after the 
motion ''To Postpone Indefinitely" has been 
made. Quiz on this motion (page 22) by apply- 
ing the "Seven Things" to it. 

DRILL. 

Become formal at once and ask, "What is 
your pleasure? " Members must obtain the floor. 
Use the same motion as in first lesson, applying 
"To Postpone Indefinitely" to it. 

Note). — Some will want to make amendments. 
Explain that it will confuse matters to do this 
before the lesson on amendments has been stud- 
ied, and do not permit it. 

ADVANCE ASSIGNMENT. 

Amendments. (Pages 23-24.) How to amend, 
(Pages 24-28.) 

7 



THIRD I^ESSON. 

BLACKBOARD FOR THIRD LESSON. 




SECONDARY MOTIONS. 

1 To Table or Take from the Table. 

2 Previous Question. 

3 To Postpone to a Set Time. 

4 To Commit or Recommit. 

5 To Amend. 

6 To Postpone Indefinitely, 

MAIN QUESTION. 




THIRD I^BSSON. 

How many motions are there? How many 
classes? Name them. Study amendments. (Page 
23.) Apply the "Seven Things" to an amend- 
ment. Study "a second amendment." (Page 
24.) Ask what an amendment is, and impress 
the point that it is a motion, a secondary mo- 
tion, and give its rank. Point out that while it 
is higher than "To Postpone Indefinitely," it 
will not apply to it (see 4, page 22), nor can 
it be used over it for the purpose of amend- 
ing the Main Question. Have nothing more to 
say about "To Postpone Indefinitely"; leave it 
out entirely, and study the five ways of amend- 
ing. (Page 26.) Have an illustration given of 
each of the five ways of amending. An amend- 
ment is a part of the question to be amended 
and can not be separated from it, except to take 
a vote on it. A motion and its amendments form 
one question. 

Quiz on Amendments. 

Note). — Do not allow one member to answer 
all the questions nor make all the motions. 

DRILL. 

Become formal. "What is your pleasure?" 
Use the same motion. Amend it by using red, 
blue, or green before the word carpet; also by 
stating the price to be paid and where to be 
purchased after the amendment about the color 
has been carried or lost. Do not take up a 
9 



second amendment in drilling till the first has 
been thoroughly practiced. 

The second amendment must do something 
to the first amendment. It has nothing to do 
with the Main Question. 

When two amendments are pending, put them 
to vote. (Page 25.) 

Do not try to use the fourth and fifth way 
of amending till near the close of the lessons. 

ADVANCE ASSIGNMENT. 

Refer to a Committee. (Page 29.) Postpone to 
a Set Time. (Page 31.) 



10 



Letters asking questions upon this ^'Course of 
Study" cannot be answered unless at least $i.oo 
be enclosed, and the number of questions be lim- 
ited to ten. They must be numbered, and a 
copy retained by the sender; the answers will be 
numbered the same as the questions. 

THE AUTHOR. 



11 



FOURTH I^ESSON. 

BLACKBOARD FOR FOURTH LESSON. 





-- 


1 

2 




^ 




4 


Orders of the Day, 




SECONDARY MOTIONS. 


1 


To Table or Take from the Table. 


2 


Previous Question, 


3 


To Postpone to a Set Time, 


4 


To Commit or Recommit, 


5 


To Amend, 


6 


To Postpone Indefinitely, 




MAIN QUESTION. 




12 



l^OtTltTH I^ESSON. 

How many motions? Classify them. Name 
the secondary motions, from low to high. Take 
up ''To Refer to a Committee" (page 29), and 
apply the "Seven Things" to it. Amend it by 
changing the number of the committee or giving 
it instructions. "To Commit" is a part of the 
Main Question, just the same as an amendment 
is. It has no individuality whatever (lots of peo- 
ple just like it). But an amendment shuts off 
debate on the former motion; "To Commit" 
does not. If a motion is made and then an 
amendment or even two amendments added to 
it, a motion to commit can now be made, for the 
sole purpose of talking on the Main Question. 
When this is the purpose for which it is used, 
before closing remarks on the Main Question a 
desire should be expressed that the motion *'To 
Commit" be voted down. 

This lesson is on the motion ''To Commit," 
and has not touched on "The Work of Commit- 
tees," which will be another lesson. 

To Postpone to a Certain or Set Time. (Page 
31.) Apply the "Seven Things" to it. This 
motion differs from "To Commit" in that it has 
an individuality of its own. It stands alone. It 
can have the two higher motions (Previous Ques- 
tion and "To Table") applied to it without af- 
fecting any other motion which is- pending. It 
is amendable as to time only. 

13 



Six motions may now be pending at one time ; 
namely, Main Question and its two amendments, 
"To Commit" and its two amendments, "To 
Postpone to a Set Time" and its two amend- 
ments. They are all in order. Put the last two 
amendments to vote; then "To Postpone" as it 
has been amended. If it carries, that ends all till 
it comes up again as a main question only (di- 
vested of the motion ''To Commit"). If it loses, 
put the amendments to "To Commit" to vote; 
then "To Commit"; if carried, all goes to a com- 
mittee ; if lost, vote on the amendments to the 
Main Question, and lastly the Main Question. 

The work has now become very complicated, 
but this is the end of it. No more motions can 
be amended. We have finished the low motions. 
(Page i8.) 

DRILL. 

Try to illustrate every motion studied thus 
far. Call for certain motions if they seem to be 
forgotten. This is permissible. Permit original 
motions, but insist that they be simple. 

ADVANCE ASSIGNMENT. 

Previous Question. (Page 32.) 
To Table. (Pages 34-35.) 



14 



MAIN QUESTION. 

There are eight Main Questions, namely: 

The motions used to introduce business. 

The motions to appoint a committee; 

When a motion has been divided, by amend- 
ing, into two separate propositions (page 27), each 
proposition is a Main Question. 

To Rescind. (Page 54.) 

Main Question growing out of a Question of 
Privilege. (Page 47.) 

To Fix Time to Which to Adjourn. (Page 52.) 
To Adjourn. (Page 49.) 



15 



FIFTH LESSON. 

BLACKBOARD FOR FIFTH LESSON. 



Question of Privilege. 
Orders of the Day. 



SECONDARY MOTIONS. 
To Table or Take from the^able. 
Previous Question. 
To Postpone to a Set Time. 
To Commit or Recommit. 
To Amend. 
To Postpone Indefinitely. 



MAIN QUESTION. 




16 



FIFTH I^BSSON, 

The Previous Question (page 32) is simply a 
motion to close debate and can be used over any 
motion that is debatable. 

When talk on a question has become tiresome^ 
move the Previous Question. After it is seconded 
and stated (page 33), take a standing vote. If 
two-thirds stand (always have those opposed to 
stand too), the Previous Question is ordered. It 
now stands like a sentinel over whatever motions 
were pending when it was called. It forces these 
motions to a vote at once and allows no further 
debate or amendments till this is done. 

DRILL. 

Use the Previous Question with only a Main 
Question pending at first, then add on other mo- 
tions gradually till its use becomes clear, x'hus: 
Main Question, Previous Question (vote) ; Main 
Question and two amendments, Previous Ques- 
tion (vote) ; Main Question, one amendment, "To 
Commit" with one amendment, Previous Ques- 
iton (vote). 



ir 



SIXTH LESSON. 

BLACKBOARD FOR SIXTH LESSON. 



1 

2 To Adjourn. 

3 Question of Privilege. 

4 Orders of the Day. 



SECONDARY MOTIONS. 
To Table or Take from the Table. 
Previous Question. 
To Postpone to a Set Time. 
To Commit or Reconmiit. 
To Amend. 
To Postpone Indefinitely. 



MAIN QUESTION. 




18 



SIXTH I^BSSON. 

Number of motions? Number of classes? 
Repeat table of Secondary Motions. Study "To 
Table." (Page 35.) 

This lesson closes the Secondary Motions. Call 
special attention to notes at foot of page 36. If 
a Main Question should be introduced and some 
one moves the Previous Question in order to cut 
off absolutely all debate upon it, obtain the floor 
and move to table the Previous Question. This, 
however, must be done as soon as the Chair says, 
"Shall the Main Question be now put?" (this is 
stating the Previous Question), and before it is 
voted upon. After it has been ordered by that 
two-thirds vote, it must be put in action and can 
not be tabled. Mind now, I am speaking of ta- 
bling the Previous Question, not the Main Ques- 
tion. The Main Question can be tabled any time 
after the Previous Question is called or ordered. 
(See last paragraph under "Previous Question" 
on page 35.) 

DRILL. 

On tabling the Previous Question (nothing 
else). Then tabling the Whole Question, includ- 
ing the Previous Question. 

Practice this thoroughly. 



19 



SEVENTH I.ESSON. 

BLACKBOARD FOR SEVENTH LESSON. 




20 



SEVENTH I^BSSON. 

Take up Privileged Motions first and quiz on 
them as a whole. Thus: 

How many motions? How many classes? 
What class have we just studied? What are 
Privileged Motions? How many? Name the 
highest. Name the lowest. Name them from 
lowest to highest. 

ORDERS OF THE DAY. 
(Page 45-) 

It is a blue star motion. Explain what this 
means. It is the first motion studied which does 
not require a second. (Page 20.) Do not try 
to obtain the floor to make this motion; just rise 
(with a member talking if necessary) and say, 
"I move the orders of the day." 

Apply the "Seven Things" to it and quiz 

on it. , J • 1 

Orders are of two kinds, general and special. 

(See Page 46.) 

QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE. 

(Pages 46-48.) 
Classify it. Apply the "Seven Things" to 
it. A question of privilege is one of the privileged 
motions. It is therefore undebatable and un- 
amendable. A point of order ranks the same and 
is made under same circumstances. If a motion 
should grow out of a question of privilege (page 
47) when there is another question before the 
house, the latter must wait till the motion which 
grew out of the question of privilege is disposed 

of by vote. 

^ DRILL. 

By this time the drill should be free and easy 
and no trouble to conduct it. 
21 



EIGHTH I^ESSON. 

BLACKBOARD FOR EIGHTH LESSON. 



PRIVILEGED MOTIONS 

1 To Fix the Time to Which Adjourn. 

2 To Adjourn, 

3 Questions of Privilege. 

4 Orders of the Day, 

SECONDARY MOTIONS. 

1 To Table or Take from the Table. 

2 Previous Question. 

3 To Postpone to a Set Time. 

4 To Commit or Recommit. 

5 To Amend. 

6 To Postpone Indefinitely. 

MAIN QUESTION. 




22 



EIGHTH I^BSSON. 

Number of motions? Classify them. What 
class is our lesson on now? Name the motions 
in this class. 

Take up the motion "To Adjourn." (Page 
49.) Apply the "Seven Things" to it and quiz 
on it. Take pains to correct two erroneous opin- 
ions about it; namely, that it is the highest mo- 
tion known, and that it is always in order. Both 
are false. Show how it can be deprived of its 
high privilege by qualifying. (Page 51.) When 
is it out of order? (See page 50.) When can 
it be renewed? 

TO FIX THE TIME TO WHICH 
TO ADJOURN. 
(Page 52.) 
Apply the "Seven Things" to it. Be sure to 
make it clear that it is very different from the 
motion "To Adjourn." It is the only motion 
which is amendable that is not debatable. It is 
the only one that can be made after the negative 
vote has been taken on the motion to adjourn. 
Show clearly when it is a Main Question instead 
of a privileged motion. (Page 53.) 
DRILL. 
Have a Main Question; then the motion "To 
Adjourn"; then "To Fix the Time to Which 
to Adjourn." Carry the last and lose "To Ad- 
journ." Now an amendment to the Main Ques- 
tion. Next a Question of Privilege. (Answer 
it.) Next amend the amendment. Now move 
23 



to Postpone Indefinitely (out of ordef).' Ncal 
"To Adjourn" (vote it down). Now move the 
Previous Question (carry it). Put last amend- 
ment to vote (carry it) . Amendment as amended 
(carry). Now the Main Question as amended 
(carry). Move to adjourn. 

By this time members have become accus- 
tomed to calling their own names in obtaining 
the floor, calling for the question, and making 
original motions. The drill should be very in- 
teresting now. 



24 



Parliamentary Law is the ethics of organiza- 
tions. No one has the right to join a society and 
ignore the rules of good breeding, by which it is, 
or should be, governed. 



The sentiment finds an echo in all well-ordered 
minds that those who belong to organizations 
should know the etiquette of organizations as 
embodied in Parliamentary Law. 



?5 



NINTH I,ESSON. 

BLACKBOARD FOR NINTH LESSON. 
P 




Refer to pages 37 and 38 for further information, 
26 



NINTH I^ESSON. 

Go back to page 37 and take up the Inci- 
dental Motions as a whole. 

Impress the fact that these motions must be 
used immediately when the emergency arises. If 
any one of the privileged motions is before the 
house, an incidental is not in order. 

When an emergency arises which requires an 
incidental motion, it is sandwiched in between 
the privileged and secondary classes. 

After they have been studied individually, use 
them in the drill whenever the opportunity can 
be made. 

APPEAL. 

Do not use an appeal to get a correct vote 
taken. Call for a standing vote, which must be 
taken. 

The Chair should make a decision when aske d 
to do so or when in his or her opinion it is proper. 
Then say, "It is subject to appeal." This will 
relieve the Chair of any disagreeable responsibility. 

OBJECTION TO CONSIDERATION. 

This is the third blue star motion, does not 
require a second, and will interrupt a member 
on the floor. Use it when disagreeable or un- 
profitable things are introduced. It applies to 
a main question only. In this one respect it is 
like "To Postpone Indefinitely." 

Name the three blue star motions. (Page 20.) 
27 



READING PAPERS. 

Refers to newspaper articles, letters or manu- 
script, or anything out of the ordinary, as well 
as papers that have to be voted upon, such as 
reports, resolutions, etc. Many times we are 
bored by things of this sort in our organizations 
which are unnecessary and could be quietly and 
politely disposed of if the Chair would ask, "What 
is your pleasure in regard to this?" and wait for 
a motion. If none is made, pass on to the next 
business. If the paper would prove of interest, 
the President should say, "The Chair will enter- 
tain a motion in regard to this," and wait. This 
motion meets an emergency and is of use only 
at the time when it arises. 

TO WITHDRAW A MOTION. 
(Page 42.) 

If a motion has been stated by the Chair and 
the mover wishes to withdraw it, the Chair can 
not give permission to do so, but can be courteous 
and ask if there are any objections, in a way 
which says, "It is all right." If withdrawn, it 
is not recorded on the minutes, and can be made 
over any other time. 

A motion may be of such a nature that is is 

not desirable to have it on the minutes, and the 

maker may refuse to withdraw it. Anyone can 

then move "that the motion be withdrawn"; if 

this is seconded, it must be put; if carried, the 

motion is withdrawn, and does not appear on 

the minutes. 

28 



SUSPENSION OF THE RULES. 

(Page 43.) 

Suspension of the Rules (page 43) applies only 
to Standing Rules; never to the Constitution or 
By-Laws, or any part of them. (Page 82.) 

Study Standing Rules. (Page 83.) 

This motion simply gives permission to do 
something once, which could not be done on 
account of a rule against it. 

Note.— It will perhaps be necessary to make 

several lessons out of this one. This would be 

best. 

DRILL. 

Main Question. Amend it (a). Move to Ad- . 
journ (lost). Remarks on amendment (a). Rise 
to a Point of Order. Vote on amendment (carry) . 
Postpone Indefinitely (lost). Refer to Commit- 
tee. Amend. Amend the Amendment. Move 
to Adjourn. Move to Fix the Time to Which to 
Adjourn (carry). Vote on "To Adjourn" (lost). 
Move Previous Question (carry) . Now vote back 
thus: On amendment to amend, last made (car- 
ry). Amendment as amended (carry). Motion 
to Commit (lost). Main Question as amended. 
Remember this motion's amendment was carried 
in the first part of the drill. 

Note. — The leader will have to tell what ac- 
tion she desires taken upon each motion (carried 
or lost), so as to obtain the results intended. 



TBNTH I^ESSON. 

BLACKBOARD FOR TENTH LESSON. 



T wl m .\s r* 



MISCELLANEOUS MOTIONS. 

1 Rescind. (A Main QuestionJ 

2 Renew. (Simply a Method.) 

3 Reconsider. 




30 



TENTH I.ESSON. 

RESCIND, RENEW, RECONSIDER. 

(Page 54.) 

Fourth class of motions. 

To Rescind is a Main Question, subject to 
every rule of a Main Question. Use it the same 
way. Study it on page 54. 

There is no such motion as "Renew." Study 
Renewal on pages 54-55- 

Reconsider. (Pages 55-62 .) All motions can 
be reconsidered except four. They are the red 
star motions. (Page 20.) 

Reconsider the vote. This removes it, and 
the question is then brought before the house 
again by being stated (exactly as it was before 
the vote was taken, which vote has now been 
disposed of by the reconsideration). Call for re- 
marks, and then vote on it again. It may be 
carried or lost. 



3X 



EI/EVBNTH I^ESSON, 

BLACKBOARD FOR ELEVENTH LESSON. 



COMMITTEEa 

1 Committee of the Whole. 

2 Standing Committees. 

3 Special Committees. 




32 



BI/BVBNTH I^BSSON. 

COMMITTEES. 

(Page 65.) 

Study the different kinds of committees. 

Study Committee of the Whole. Let this be 
given out as one lesson and then quiz on it and 
practice it. This makes a fine drill, and puts 
members in the chair. 

A preamble and what to do with it makes 
an interesting lesson. (Page 78.) 

Constitution and By-Laws. The difference 
between them, and what each should and should 
not contain, will make one whole lesson. (Pages 
79-82.) 

An organization that wishes to be incorpor- 
ated should put in its Constitution only those 
things it will never change, as it can not amend 
or change it after it has been incorporated. The 
By-Laws are not considered in incorporation if 
there is a Constitution. Therefore anything which 
you may wish to change or amend in the future 
should be placed in the By-Laws. (Page 90.) 

Standing Rules may be suspended by a two- 
thirds vote or rescinded by a majority vote. 
Standing Rules are the only ones to which the 
motion "to suspend the rules" ever applies. Nev- 
er apply it to the Constitution or By-Laws. 

Study Committee on Credentials (page 83), 
and do not forget to look up the word alternate. 
33 



TWEI/PTH LESSON. 

ELECTIONS. 

(Page 117.) 

Proxy votes are not legal unless provided for 
by special rule. 

Have members stand and number themselves, 
the President counting last. Appoint a door- 
keeper, to report after each ballot if any leave 
the room or if others come in, as this will affect 
the election. Appoint three tellers. Instruct 
them thus: 

I St. Give out all the ballots at once. 

2d. Do not consume time by talking. 

3d. Wait until instructed by the Chair be- 
fore taking up ballots. 

4th. Stand facing the members while reading 
the ballots. 

5th. The third teller is to collect the ballots 
from the President, Secretary, Parliamentarian 
(if one should be conducting the election), the 
two tellers, and her own. The third teller is held 
responsible for six ballots each time. Collect 
these six (no others) and turn them over to the 
other tellers. 

Read ballots aloud and the Secretary must 
keep tally. (Page 127.) If one receives a ma- 
jority on the first ballot, the election is settled. 
Have the Secretary cast the ballot which elects 
this one. (Page 123.) 

If no one receives a majority, select the two 
34 



highest and vote till one does receive a majority. 
A tie requires the vote to be taken over and 
over till the tie is broken and one receives a 
majority. 

If there should be a tie on two names and 
then one having a still larger vote, this will give 
three candidates and perhaps make a plurality 
vote. (Page no.) Ballot till one receives a 
majority. 

The officers must be elected according to the 
Constitution. Any motion to change this is out 
of order. If the Constitution does not provide 
for nomination by ballot, they may be nomin- 
ated from the floor or by a committee. (Page 1 24.) 

The tellers should figure out each time how 
many votes entitled to, how many ballots cast 
(blanks do not count), and what constitutes a 
majority, put it on a slip, and hand it to the 
Chairman, to be read aloud or read by first teller. 
(Example, page 122.) 



This "Course" is very complete, and a club 
may study it over and over. 

If letters are written me for further infor- 
mation or explanation, at least |i.oo must be 
enclosed. 

Kmma Lard Longan. 



35 



NOTES, 



36 



